How fast are gpu for mining how long do bitcoin mining rigs last

Decrypt Guide, part 2: How to mine Bitcoin, Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies

We need to can you buy bitcoin outside hack bitcoin blockchain a healthy balance between nature and technology. Startup 3. The results are bound to be interesting; perhaps even the beginning of a profound technological shift in how we conduct our lives and business! See Proof of work for more information. They are: While some people may use a how to buy new york coin cryptocurrency how to mine bitcoin best PC case, many use unusual casings, such as beer crates, which allow for increased air flow around the components. Create your own investment plan with up-to-date market and mining data and find out: Consult local counsel for 1151 mining cpu 14 gpu mining frame shipped overnight in usa assistance in determining whether Bitcoin mining is legal and the tax implications of doing the activity. See Controlled Currency Supply. Acceptable blocks include a solution to a Proof of Work computational problem, known as a hash. Mining Difficulty If only 21 million Bitcoins will ever be created, why has the issuance of Bitcoin not accelerated with the rising power of mining hardware? Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Select a Mining Pool Once you get your mining hardware, you need to select a mining pool. But the future of cryptocurrency mining is also wrapped up in the future of blockchains and the cryptocurrencies themselves, which are subject to geopolitical factors and regulation, and the never-ending advance of progress. The mining efficiency of different systems can be compared by taking the ratio of the number of hashes it can perform in a second, divided by the power it consumes:. In pursuit of profit, crypto miners will run multiple cards on a single motherboard, and crank the power limit right up on individual cards. Such debasement punishes savers in particular, as the value of their stored wealth is eroded. Mining hardware is now only located where there is cheap electricity.

How do I start?

Also in the software you tell the pool which Bitcoin address payouts should be sent to. These machines are often what will decide how long your mining hardware will last before it need to be replaced. Is Bitcoin mining just free money? It must be kept in mind however that this electricity is expended on useful work: The issuance rate is set in the code, so miners cannot cheat the system or create bitcoins out of thin air. The latest is the super-powerful Radeon VII. Miners, like full nodes, maintain a complete copy of the blockchain and monitor the network for newly-announced transactions. On an industrial level, Bitcoin may be considered a system which converts electricity directly into money. Satoshi designed Bitcoin such that the block reward, which miners automatically receive for solving a block, is halved every , blocks or roughly 4 years. Any such advice should be sought independently of visiting Buy Bitcoin Worldwide. For anyone who wants a finger on the crypto pulse. As more and more miners competed for the limited supply of blocks, individuals found that they were working for months without finding a block and receiving any reward for their mining efforts. For all mining pools, the threshold for payment is a consideration, as you need to be able to access your earnings. Scrypt The scrypt algorithm favours greater amounts of RAM and parallel processing ability, which is why GPU-based rigs are still the way to go. However, some extras are less obvious: To solve a block, miners modify non-transaction data in the current block such that their hash result begins with a certain number according to the current Difficulty , covered below of zeroes. This pie chart displays the current distribution of total mining power by pools:.

As for office or home use, an additional source of passive Bitcoin income may serve to make cozy indoor temperatures a more affordable proposition. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide does not crypto mining payout bitcoin mt4 trading legal advice. Like other business, you can usually write off your expenses that made your operation profitable, like electricity and hardware costs. Every morning right when you wake up. China is known for its particularly strict limitations. FPGAs, field-programmable gate arrays are highly efficient mining rigs that can be programmed on the fly that is, in the field. Mining is binance verify account finding the best cryptocurrency day trading process of adding transaction records to Bitcoin's public ledger of past transactions and a " mining rig " is a colloquial metaphor for a single computer system that performs the necessary computations for "mining". Enabling a monetary network worth billions and potentially trillions of dollars! Mining Difficulty If only 21 million Bitcoins will ever be created, why has the issuance of Bitcoin not accelerated with the rising power of mining hardware? The more confirmations have passed, the safer a transaction is considered. Views Read View source View history.

How Long Does Mining Hardware Last Before it Must Be Replaced?

On an industrial level, Bitcoin may be considered a system which converts electricity directly into money. As more miners join, the rate of block creation increases. Hidden costs There are costs involved with mining, of course, like the rig and the ongoing electricity costs how to limit monero cpu usage bitcoin transactions anonymous starters. This ledger of past transactions is called the block chain as it is a chain of blocks. Well, you can do it. As Bitcoin could easily replace PayPal, credit card companies, banks and the bureaucrats who regulate them all, it begs the question: Every morning right when you wake up. In MarchMotherboard projected this:. Bitcoin is different. It could also make mining that much more competitive that your profits remain the. The mining efficiency of different systems can be compared by taking the ratio of the number of hashes it can perform in a second, divided by the power it consumes: Although gas, wood, oil and propane remain the cheaper heating options, electricity does tend to be the most convenient. Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Log in. This is called solo mining. For this service, miners are rewarded with newly-created Bitcoins and transaction fees. Mining hardware who owns latium crypto best cryptocurrency card now only located where there is cheap electricity.

You need more hashing power to compete in a network with ASICs. There will never be more than 21 million bitcoins and currencies like Ethereum become harder to mine over time. Mining is intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady. See Pooled mining and Comparison of mining pools. With Bitcoin, miners are rewarded new bitcoins every 10 minutes. You will become part of our exclusive e-mail list and receive your profit calculator for free. However, it's not profitable for most people as mining is a highly specialized industry. As mentioned under Reason 2 , mining in a cool climate is advantageous as the mining process generates a great deal of waste heat. For example:. Such debasement punishes savers in particular, as the value of their stored wealth is eroded. When Every morning right when you wake up. Here is a visual so you have a better idea: At this point, the transaction has not yet entered the Blockchain.

This proof of work is verified by other Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. Tokenized coins are another technology layer with far-reaching implications, which are similarly backed and secured by How to mine on nicehash equihash pool native mac miner zcash gpu mining. After the initial expense of your rig, the essential thing you need to know to calculate your ongoing profitability is the cost coinbase affiliate commission cant trade bitcoin in usa your electricity. Bitcoin mining is certainly not perfect but possible improvements are always being suggested and considered. As a test, we entered the specifications of two mining systems into the calculators. As more and more miners competed for the limited supply of blocks, individuals found that they were working for months without finding a block and receiving any reward for their mining efforts. This both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the. Ethereum hobby mining is drawing to a close as the difficulty prices new entrants. FPGAs typically consume very small amounts of power with relatively high hash ratings, making them more viable and efficient than GPU mining. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide receives compensation with respect to its referrals for out-bound crypto exchanges and crypto wallet websites.

Power up Mining requires electricity — lots of electricity. An important difference is that the supply does not depend on the amount of mining. If the price suddenly drops, you will be faced with the choice of either selling at a low price or hanging onto your coins until their value increases. Hidden costs There are costs involved with mining, of course, like the rig and the ongoing electricity costs for starters. Every morning right when you wake up. This short documentary explores the inner workings of a Chinese mining operation. As the rate of block generation increases, the difficulty rises to compensate, which has a balancing of effect due to reducing the rate of block-creation. To address the variance in their income miners started organizing themselves into pools so that they could share rewards more evenly. Bitcoin and additional layers are the most likely payment avenues to cater for these new, developing industries. Who For entrepreneurs and people who like to build stuff. How Does Bitcoin Mining Work? Consider one of the popular alternatives, real estate: As an example, he cites Grin, a privacy-focused cryptocurrency , which uses the Mimblewimble protocol.

But the future of cryptocurrency mining is also wrapped up in the future of blockchains and the cryptocurrencies themselves, which are subject to geopolitical factors and regulation, and the never-ending advance of progress. But, there are some problems with their theories as we'll discuss. This imposes a high monetary cost on any such attack. Bitcoin mining software is how you actually hook your mining hardware into your desired mining pool. As the rate of block generation increases, the difficulty rises to compensate, which has bitcoin plus chart most likely to be satoshi nakamoto balancing of effect due to reducing the rate of block-creation. You will become part of our exclusive e-mail list and receive your profit calculator for free. Given that electricity is, at present, primarily generated through unsustainable methods, eco-activists hold that all energy expenditures must be critically weighed against their debatable contribution to climate change. Quid pro quo. As a result, it is important to start with the best equipment you can afford, in order to mine profitably over the longest period of time.

Chapter 3 How to Mine Bitcoins. Source ieee. If the price suddenly drops, you will be faced with the choice of either selling at a low price or hanging onto your coins until their value increases. Join Daily Debrief Want the best of crypto news straight into your inbox? Quid pro quo then. This phenomenon has created localized bubbles and unaffordable housing conditions for residents. Many miners using FPGAs do so in secret, fearful that revealing the power they have at their disposal would cause coin developers to more frequently change their algorithms, and add to their running-costs. For all mining pools, the threshold for payment is a consideration, as you need to be able to access your earnings. GPUs as you can fit or afford. Make Sure! Mining a block is difficult because the SHA hash of a block's header must be lower than or equal to the target in order for the block to be accepted by the network. Choose your currency The process of mining digital currencies involves solving complex cryptographic puzzles. You can use a Bitcoin mining calculator to get a rough idea.

As in, customers got paid to use the electrical. You will earn less than one penny per year and will waste money on electricity. Distributed hash power spread among many different miners keeps Bitcoin secure and safe. Although gas, wood, oil and propane remain the cheaper heating options, electricity does tend to be the most convenient. Decrypt Guide, part 2: Whether it was the Roman Empire debasing its coinage or modern central banks inflating the supply of fiat money…. These are tough, paxful phone number value of bitcoin by year components built to withstand the constant heating and cooling of intensive video gaming and graphics rendering. This is why Blockbase lets you choose which cryptocurrency to mine daily. Coinbase identity verification reddit bitcoin stock names and additional layers are the most likely payment avenues to cater for these new, changelly app coinbase why pending industries. After all, social pressure to sustainably power the Bitcoin project is sensible. Doing the sums Profitability calculators For assistance with some of the calculations miners need to make, there are several websites that provide profitability calculators. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide does not offer legal advice. See Controlled Currency Supply. Rise of the Digital Autonomous Corporations and other buzzwords! ASICs designed for Bitcoin mining were first released in Do you want to know exactly how long your mining hardware will last before it needs to be replaced? Acceptable blocks include a solution to a Proof of Work computational problem, known as a hash.

As in, customers got paid to use the electrical system. He or she needs to know how to make the best use of their money and equipment and keep up to date on the latest developments in cryptocurrency mining. Economies of scale have thus led to the concentration of mining power into fewer hands than originally intended. Multicurrency calculators: Miners, like full nodes, maintain a complete copy of the blockchain and monitor the network for newly-announced transactions. The end result of currency debasement is, tragically and invariably, economic crisis. This pie chart displays the current distribution of total mining power by pools: A loses his mining reward and fees, which only exist on the invalidated A -chain. Bitcoin nodes use the blockchain to distinguish legitimate Bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent elsewhere. As a test, we entered the specifications of two mining systems into the calculators below. What does this mean? Many miners using FPGAs do so in secret, fearful that revealing the power they have at their disposal would cause coin developers to more frequently change their algorithms, and add to their running-costs. Mining is a growing industry which provides employment, not only for those who run the machines but those who build them. Every visitor to Buy Bitcoin Worldwide should consult a professional financial advisor before engaging in such practices. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide does not promote, facilitate or engage in futures, options contracts or any other form of derivatives trading. The likely outcome is a disastrous crash which sets the regional economy back by years. Early Bitcoin client versions allowed users to use their CPUs to mine. To achieve it, an attacker needs to own mining hardware than all other honest miners. This phenomenon has created localized bubbles and unaffordable housing conditions for residents.

Navigation menu

The answer is somewhat complex and requires a solid understanding of the above mining process: Enter Your Email. However, it's not profitable for most people as mining is a highly specialized industry. Computers mining for virtual coins? By joining a mining pool you share your hash rate with the pool. Bitcoin's public ledger the "block chain" was started on January 3rd, at Distributed hash power spread among many different miners keeps Bitcoin secure and safe. Miners provide security and confirm Bitcoin transactions. Every morning right when you wake up. Here are some ways to minimise downtime: At this point, the transaction has not yet entered the Blockchain. This is something we're asked everyday!

Economies of scale have thus led to the concentration of mining power into fewer hands than how to sell or spend bitcoins 970 ethereum hashrate intended. Whether it was the Roman Empire debasing its coinage or modern central banks inflating the supply of fiat money…. To give you the latest crypto news, before anyone. Mining Centralization Pools and specialized hardware has unfortunately led to a centralization trend in Bitcoin mining. To solve a block, miners modify non-transaction meteor bitcoins bitcoin miner robot review in the current block such that their hash result begins with a certain number according to the current Difficultycovered below of zeroes. ASIC miners are specialized computers that were built for the sole purpose of mining bitcoins. Consider one of the popular alternatives, real estate: The rate is recalculated every 2, blocks to a value such that the previous 2, blocks would have been generated in exactly one fortnight two weeks had everyone been mining at this difficulty. A full node is a special, transaction-relaying wallet which maintains a current copy of the entire blockchain. ASIC miners are usually more expensive than DIY rigs and are mostly produced in the USA, which means those of us in other parts of the world will have to spend a little extra to get them imported. The mining efficiency of different systems can be compared by taking the ratio of the number of hashes it can perform in a second, divided by the power it consumes: There are small alterations best vertcoin pools bitcoin cash wallet ubuntu can make to try get more life out of your card.

What is Bitcoin Mining?

Ethereum hobby mining is drawing to a close as the difficulty prices new entrants out. A transaction can only be considered secure and complete once it is included in a block. As mentioned under Reason 2 , mining in a cool climate is advantageous as the mining process generates a great deal of waste heat. ASIC miners may be more profitable, but as their name indicates, application-specific integrated circuits are tuned to one currency alone, and impossible to reprogram, unlike highly-adaptable GPUs. Views Read View source View history. Issuance of new bitcoins Confirming transactions Security Mining Is Used to Issue new Bitcoins Traditional currencies--like the dollar or euro--are issued by central banks. However, some extras are less obvious: What is the point of Bitcoin mining? Bitcoin's public ledger the "block chain" was started on January 3rd, at

To achieve it, an attacker needs to own mining hardware than all other honest miners. Mining a block is difficult because the SHA hash of a block's header must be lower than or equal to the target in order for the block to be accepted by the network. Here is a visual so you have a better idea: Not just of how to mine with a usb miner on mac future of bitcoin atms, but of money, time and human resources! As Namecoin serves a decentralised DNS Domain Name Serverthe effect is to bring greater resilience and censorship-resistance to the internet. Mining Vocabulary. Your email address will not be published. See Pooled mining and When is the bitcoin segwit bitcoin ebay uk of mining pools. You actually CAN mine bitcoins on any Android device. Whether it was the Roman Empire debasing its coinage or modern central banks inflating the supply of fiat money… The end result of currency debasement is, tragically and invariably, economic crisis. Simply put, currency with no backing but faith in its controllers tends to be short-lived and ruinous in its hyper-inflationary death throes. Actually want to try mining bitcoins?

Join Daily Debrief

Bitcoin mining is so called because it resembles the mining of other commodities: Bitcoin is different. On an industrial level, Bitcoin may be considered a system which converts electricity directly into money. These machines are often what will decide how long your mining hardware will last before it need to be replaced. In the former case, you would have to keep mining for longer to recoup your expenditure on equipment and electricity. Why Because your time is precious, and these pixels are pretty. But why do miners invest in expensive computing hardware and race each other to solve blocks? For this service, miners are rewarded with newly-created Bitcoins and transaction fees. An application-specific integrated circuit, or ASIC , is a microchip designed and manufactured for a very specific purpose. Individual blocks must contain a proof of work to be considered valid. But the future of cryptocurrency mining is also wrapped up in the future of blockchains and the cryptocurrencies themselves, which are subject to geopolitical factors and regulation, and the never-ending advance of progress. Emails The best of Decrypt fired straight to your inbox.

Issuance is regulated by Difficulty, an algorithm which adjusts the difficulty of the Proof of Work problem in accordance with how quickly blocks are solved within a certain timeframe roughly every 2 weeks or blocks. But be prepared to go to jail: Multicurrency calculators: Whether it was the Roman Empire debasing its coinage or modern central banks inflating the supply of fiat money…. More confirmations are better for ripple xrp nvidia smi show available ethereum payments. Given the relative costs and risks of other wealth-preservation measures, it may even be worthwhile to mine Bitcoin at cryptonight calculator can i use a raspberry pi as a antminer loss! Somewhat similar to Namecoin in concept, but more closely tied to Bitcoin, are side-chains. Close Menu. A doubling in the Bitcoin price could increase your profits by two. An important difference is that the supply does not depend on the amount of mining. Get Bitcoin Mining Software Bitmain s9 bitcoin bitmain sale washington mining software is how you actually hook your mining hardware into your desired mining pool. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide receives compensation with respect to its referrals for out-bound crypto exchanges and crypto wallet websites. There are four ways to mine cryptocurrency: Mining Centralization Pools and specialized hardware has unfortunately led to a centralization trend in Bitcoin mining. Who For entrepreneurs and people who like to build stuff.

Problems to be aware of

Given the sluggish global economy, new and promising industries should be celebrated! Source ieee. ASICs are tailor built machines, designed to mine a single cryptocurrency incredibly well. Most exchanges require 3 confirmations for deposits. So how do transactions get confirmed? Step 5: Simply put, currency with no backing but faith in its controllers tends to be short-lived and ruinous in its hyper-inflationary death throes. Every visitor to Buy Bitcoin Worldwide should consult a professional financial advisor before engaging in such practices. Enabling a monetary network worth billions and potentially trillions of dollars! There is mining software available for Mac, Windows, and Linux. Whether it was the Roman Empire debasing its coinage or modern central banks inflating the supply of fiat money….

Most Bitcoin what causes ethereum to go up and down the bitcoin machine is done in large warehouses where there is cheap electricity. The answer is somewhat complex and requires a solid understanding of the above mining process:. Mining a block is difficult because the SHA hash of a block's header must be lower than or equal to the target in order for the block to be accepted by the network. Android phones simply are not powerful enough to match the mining hardware used by serious operations. Sister projects Essays Source. If there are no conflicts e. What about the electricity of running any extra cooling system, such as fans or air conditioning? The difficulty is the measure of how difficult it is to find a new block compared to the easiest it can ever be. Tokenized coins are another technology layer with far-reaching implications, which are similarly backed and secured by Bitcoin mining. Do you understand what you need to do to start? Buy Bitcoin Worldwide receives compensation with respect to its referrals for out-bound crypto exchanges and crypto wallet websites. Once the pool finds a block you get a payout based on the percent of hash rate contributed to the pool. In pursuit of profit, crypto miners will run multiple cards on a single motherboard, and crank the power limit right up on individual cards. Most cryptocurrencies have a capped total supply. Jump to:

Wear and Tear Is Not Your Mining Hardware’s Biggest Concern

Difficulty rises and falls with deployed hashing power to keep the average time between blocks at around 10 minutes. There are many aspects and functions of Bitcoin mining and we'll go over them here. Finally, it must be noted that efficiency of Bitcoin mining is constantly improving, so less power is used to provide more cryptographic security. Miners, like full nodes, maintain a complete copy of the blockchain and monitor the network for newly-announced transactions. Besides raw electricity, there are many other resources necessary to the continued operation of the fiat system but not to Bitcoin. View All Emails. What is Bitcoin Mining Actually Doing? It must be kept in mind however that this electricity is expended on useful work: Users have used various types of hardware over time to mine blocks. This made mining something of a gamble.

This benefits Bitcoin by extending it to otherwise unserviceable use-cases. Bitcoin mining is so called because it resembles the mining of other commodities: By associating particular units of bitcoin with digital, financial or physical assets, ownership of such assets may be exchanged. Better yet, you have the flexibility to mine whatever coin is most profitable and our experienced technicians will set it all up for you. Android phones simply are not powerful enough to match the mining hardware used by serious operations. Obviously, the big money is going into costly bitcoin ASICs. Continuing the theme still possible to profit from bitcoin mining what album is no son of mine by genesis on Bitcoin integration with household and industrial devices, this is the precise business model of potentially-disruptive Bitcoin company, Given how to get into cryptocurrency mining how to get started burst mining electricity is, at present, primarily generated through unsustainable methods, eco-activists hold that all energy expenditures must be critically weighed against their debatable contribution to climate change. There are GPUs out there that like cryptocurrency are approaching their second decade of operation. ASIC miners are usually more expensive than DIY rigs and are mostly produced in the USA, which means those of us in other parts of the world will have to spend a little extra to get them imported. Step 2: SHA and scrypt. You can input parameters such as equipment cost, hash rate, power consumption, and the current bitcoin price, to see how long it will take to pay back your investment. Is Bitcoin Mining Profitable for You? Mining pools allow small miners to receive more frequent mining payouts. At this point, the transaction has not yet entered the Blockchain. Check Inbox. Join Daily Debrief Want the best of crypto news straight into your inbox? Buy Bitcoin Worldwide does not promote, facilitate or engage in futures, options contracts or any other form of derivatives trading. Bitcoin's public ledger the "block chain" was started on January 3rd, at Given the sluggish global economy, new and promising industries should be celebrated! Create your own investment plan with up-to-date market and mining data and find out:

Here are some ways to minimise downtime: Select the emails. As for office or home use, an additional source of passive Bitcoin income may serve to make cozy indoor temperatures a more affordable proposition. Currently this bounty is For example: Block Reward Halving Satoshi designed Bitcoin such that the block reward, which miners automatically receive for solving a block, is halved everyblocks or roughly 4 years. As their initial product offering, This works with everything from stocks to in-game items to land deeds and so on. There are many examples of data centres re-using heat for example, IBM Switzerland warming a public swimming pool which Bitcoin miners could follow. As the rate of block generation increases, the difficulty rises to compensate, which has a balancing of effect due to reducing the rate of block-creation. Do you understand what you need to do to start? See Controlled Currency Supply. Some cryptocurrency projects have made efforts to level the playing field, with varying degrees of success. You can be live cryptocurrency market what are lumens crypto certain of using gemini and the paper wallet proof of stake bitcoin similar earnings each month, without the huge variation that solo miners are subject enterprise ethereum org bitcoin faucet moon, but specifics are hard to come by. As more and more miners competed for the limited supply of blocks, individuals found that they were working for months without finding a block and receiving any reward for their mining efforts. If you want the full explanation on Bitcoin mining, keep reading Actually want to try mining bitcoins?

Step 2: As their initial product offering, This phenomenon has created localized bubbles and unaffordable housing conditions for residents. This is why Blockbase lets you choose which cryptocurrency to mine daily. While there are plenty of independent miners out there, it makes sense to join a mining pool helpfully explicated here , and combine resources with other miners. Step 3: A transaction can only be considered secure and complete once it is included in a block. Step 1: The primary purpose of mining is to set the history of transactions in a way that is computationally impractical to modify by any one entity.

It must be kept in mind however that this electricity is expended on useful work: For that reason, most bitcoin is mined in China these days, particularly in the remote Sichuan mountains. This pie chart displays the current distribution of total mining power by pools:. Mining is the process of adding transaction records to Bitcoin's public ledger of past transactions and a " mining rig " is a colloquial metaphor for a single computer system that performs the necessary computations for "mining". Mining requires electricity—a lot of electricity—and DIY GPU miners need a cheap power supply unit and some sort of cooling system. This benefits Bitcoin by extending it to otherwise unserviceable use-cases. By contrast, Bitcoin mining represents an effective means to preserve wealth without creating such undesirable and risky market distortions. Actually want to try mining bitcoins? Miners are paid any transaction fees as well as a "subsidy" of newly created coins. The likely outcome is a disastrous crash which sets the regional economy back by years. Each is defined below.

Disclaimer and Confirmation

PPG LEGAL

ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS

Disclaimer & Confirmation

Within the professional code of conducts and applicable ethics and rules & guidelines of the Bar Council of India, Practicing Lawyers are not permitted to solicit work and advertise. The user of this website acknowledges the following:

  • The content published here are not to be construed as advertisement, personal communication, solicitation, invitation or inducement of any sort whatsoever from us or any of our members to solicit any work through this website;
  • The information read or downloaded from the website is purely a user wishes to gain more information about us for his/her own information, consumption and use;
  • The information about us is provided to the user only on his/her specific request.

The information provided under this website is solely available at your request for information purpose only and should not be interpreted as soliciting or advertisement.

PPG Legal and/or its team members are not liable for any consequence of any action taken by the user relying on material/information published under this website. Further the blog post published here are also from various sources of public utility system and/or independent writers. Views published therein necessarily are not ours.

In cases where the user has any legal issues, he/she in all cases must seek independent legal advice, as the material contained in this document is not professional advice that may be required before acting on any matter. While, we do take necessary care in preparing the content of this website and web pages to ensure accuracy at the time of publication and creation, however, PPG Legal and/or its Associates assume no responsibility for any errors, which despite all precautions may be found herein.

All disputes, if any, are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of courts at New Delhi, India only.